Effects the Media has on Child development Research Paper

Impacts the Media has on Child advancement - Research Paper Example From the first appearance of TVs in quite a while in the twentieth Century, there has been a worry on their effect on the watchers, especially the kids. Late years has seen this worry stretched out to electronic media including PCs. The way that kids go through seven hours out of each day on normal in media, for example, TVs, PCs and other electronic gadgets, as substantiated by the American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP demonstrates the significant job that the media plays in molding advancement in youngsters. Kirkorian et al. (39) watch content as the most critical deciding element in assessing how media influences improvement in youngsters. Thusly, contingent upon the substance in the media under center, the impact on kid advancement could either be sure or negative. Media assume a significant job in language securing. As saw by Kirkorian (40), youngsters who watched Sesame Street, a preschooler instructive program, learnt jargon, recognizable proof of numbers and letters and ideas i ncluding shapes and hues. TV seeing has specifically been noted to confer language adapting particularly if the projects remember for screen characters conversing with youngsters. Kids to whom English isn't their first language could make the most of this chance to gain proficiency with the language as they watch English projects. Media has been credited with structuring programs that target conveying social or scholarly abilities which help kids in learning the planned exercises. Projects managing differing education in youngsters including science, arithmetic and social aptitudes advance learning in kids. Kirkorian et al. (46) see that Blue Clues, a TV program concentrated on psychological and social critical thinking aptitudes among preschoolers, made kids be progressively methodical and effective in issue arrangements. The Canadian Pediatric Society (303) additionally destinations Sesame Street for instance of a TV program that shows kids significant social viewpoints, for examp le, collaboration, generosity, racial concordance and the letters in order. Such projects animate kids to visit libraries, historical centers and book shops among other dynamic recreational spots that grant positive learning. This could likewise be said of Internet sites that have educational programs to plan preschoolers for tutoring. Indeed, different programming programs have been created with this impact and the effect has been certain. Along these lines, instructive media enhance instructive accomplishment of kids. Pundits contend against media as adversely affecting on the improvement of subjective aptitudes in kids. This contention predominantly spins around consideration advancement. As indicated by Sigman (102), the incessant switch in substance and scenes disturb the capacity of kids to continue consideration. Also, early introduction to non-instructive amusement and savage media programs has been decidedly connected with consideration issues. Kirkorian et al. (45) give a case of an examination that thought about the impact of a professional social program, Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood and rough animation, Batman. The discoveries bolster the relationship between's the substance of media projects and consideration abilities in the kids being contemplated. The kids presented to rough kid's shows indicated diminished self-guideline though those presented to the expert social program displayed resilience of deferral, rule compliance and assignment determination. It is imperative to welcome that the two projects not just

Information System Business

Data System Business A framework, regardless of whether computerized or manual, that contains individuals, machines, and additionally techniques composed to gather, process, transmit, and scatter information that speak to client data. The components of a data framework are Workload, Response time, Throughput, Resource usage, Resource administration time. At the end of the day data framework is a framework where all the information is put away, broke down and yield with all the choices is given to the administrative level to settle on choice for the improvement of the business. It is a framework which is useful at levels of business. Data frameworks manage the turn of events, use and the executives of an associations IT foundation. In the post-mechanical, data age, the focal point of organizations has moved from being item situated to information arranged, one might say that showcase administrators today contend on procedure and development as opposed to item: the accentuation has moved from the quality and amount of creation, to the creation procedure itself, and the administrations that go with the creation procedure. The greatest resource of organizations today, is their data, spoke to in individuals, experience, know-how, advancements (licenses, copyrights, exchange privileged insights), and for a market administrator to have the option to contend, he/she should have a solid data foundation, at the core of which, lies the data innovation framework. In this way, the investigation of data frameworks centers around why and how innovation can be placed into best use to serve the data stream inside an association. Look into the jobs of frameworks originators from frameworks manufacturers. Framework Designer needs to gather the data for the framework to be structured. Than dissect the accumulated data. Make a report to show how the framework is going to working; what are the necessities, who are the clients, what might be the earth for the framework. Framework manufacturers: Based on the framework configuration archive framework manufacturers builds up an arrangement to assemble the framework, assets expected to build up the framework, asset use plan, time expected to fabricate the framework. What are the similitudes and contrasts among business and information prerequisites? Business Requirement: A prerequisite is a portrayal of what a framework ought to do. Frameworks may have from handfuls to several prerequisites. A necessity portrays a condition to which a framework must acclimate; either got legitimately or in a roundabout way from client needs. A necessity for a PC framework indicates what you need or want from a framework. Prerequisites ought to be: interesting in scope. Is this the main necessity that characterizes this specific goal? exact in wording. Are there any unclear words that are hard to decipher? limited by solid desires. Are there solid limits in the goals? unquestionably testable. Would you be able to manufacture at least one experiments that will totally check all parts of this prerequisite? Information Requirement: To assemble or make the above business prerequisite information is expected to examine the business necessities. In view of the information gathered report is made to legitimize the business prerequisite. How does the idea of work process change the focal point of a customary data framework? Work process can be depicted essentially as the development of reports and assignments through a business procedure. Work process can be a successive movement of work exercises or a perplexing arrangement of procedures each occurring simultaneously, in the long run affecting each other as indicated by a lot of rules, courses, and jobs. Work process is recognized in the business for encouraging amazing and adaptable procedure robotization. It is an apparatus that both business clients and IT experts can use to mechanize business procedures and track fill in as it travels through the association guaranteeing that the correct work gets to the perfect individual at the opportune time. It tends to be scaled from a little departmental answer for an undertaking level Business Process Management arrangement that underpins a large number of simultaneous clients over numerous locales. By that efficiency can be expanded and overseen. Work process Management Systems Work process Management Systems permit associations to characterize and control the different exercises related with a business procedure. Moreover, numerous administration frameworks likewise permit a business the chance to gauge and break down the execution of the procedure so ceaseless upgrades can be made. Such enhancements might be present moment (e.g., reallocation of assignments to all the more likely equalization the outstanding task at hand anytime) or long haul (e.g., rethinking bits of the work process procedure to keep away from bottlenecks later on). Most work process frameworks additionally incorporate with different frameworks utilized by the association: archive the board frameworks, databases, email, office mechanization items, Portray the significant parts of a possibility examination. The possibility of a venture can be determined regarding specialized components, monetary elements, or both. It is an examination archived with a report demonstrating all the parts of the task. Diverse Feasibility examines are as per the following: Specialized Feasibility. It alludes to the capacity of the procedure to exploit the present innovation in seeking after further improvement. The specialized capacity of the staff just as the ability of the accessible innovation ought to be thought of. Innovation move between topographical territories and societies needs. Administrative Feasibility: It includes the ability of the foundation of a procedure to accomplish improvement. Backing of Management, Involvement of representative, and responsibility are key components required for administrative attainability. Financial Feasibility: This includes the practicality of the proposed undertaking to create monetary advantages. A money saving advantage examination is significant parts of assessing the monetary attainability of tasks. The substantial and impalpable parts of an undertaking ought to be made an interpretation of into monetary terms to encourage a reliable reason for assessment. Money related Feasibility: It includes the ability of the task association to raise the suitable finances expected to execute the proposed venture. Task financing can be a significant obstruction in huge multi-party ventures in light of the degree of capital required. It is done to discover that whether it is worth to go through that much cash as indicated by the benefit investigation. Social Feasibility. It manages the similarity of the proposed venture with the social arrangement of the task condition. For instance: strict convictions may impact what an individual is eager to do or not do. Social Feasibility. Social achievability tends to the impacts that a proposed task may have on the social framework in the venture condition. The surrounding social structure might be with the end goal that specific classifications of laborers might be hard to come by or nonexistent. The impact of the task on the economic wellbeing of the venture members must be surveyed to guarantee similarity. It ought to be perceived that laborers in specific ventures may have certain superficial points of interest inside the general public. Security Feasibility. Wellbeing attainability is another significant viewpoint that ought to be considered in venture arranging. It alludes to an examination of whether the task is equipped for being actualized and worked securely with insignificant unfriendly consequences for the earth. Political Feasibility. Political contemplations frequently direct heading for a proposed venture. This is especially valid for huge undertakings with national perceivability that may have huge government inputs and political ramifications. Ecological Feasibility. Concern must be appeared and move must be made to address any natural concerns raised or foreseen. It generally accomplished for bio innovative activities.. Market Feasibility. The market needs investigation to see the potential effects of market request, serious exercises, and so forth and piece of the pie accessible. Value war exercises by contenders, regardless of whether nearby, provincial, national or worldwide, should likewise be examined for early possibility subsidizing and obligation administration arrangements during the beginning up, increase, and business fire up periods of the undertaking. What is degree creep? Give a model and portray strategies for controlling wet blanket. A degree creep implies when an unavoidable or startling change happens while the undertaking improvement. It can likewise bring about a task group invading its unique financial plan and calendar. In the event that financial plan or calendar isn't expanded alongside scope, the change is normally viewed as an unsatisfactory expansion to the task is known as extension creep. Techniques for controlling jerk : Expect that there will be extension creep. Execute Change Order frames early and instruct the venture drivers on your procedures. A Change Order structure will permit you to play out a money saving advantage investigation before booking changes mentioned by the task drivers. Be certain you completely comprehend the task vision. Meet with the undertaking designers and convey an outline of the venture overall for their survey and remarks. Rundown the needs. Make an arranged rundown for your audit all through the task term. Things ought to incorporate financial plan, cutoff time, highlight conveyance, consumer loyalty, and representative fulfillment Characterize your expectations and have them endorsed by the venture designers. Expectations ought to be general depictions of usefulness to be finished during the undertaking. Partition the endorsed expectations into genuine work prerequisites. The prerequisites ought to be as point by point as essential. The bigger your venture, the more detail you ought to incorporate. In the event that your venture traverses over a month or two, dont neglect to incorporate time for programming overhauls during improvement and consistently incorporate time for adequate documentation. Break the task into major and minor achievements. Minor achievements length ought not be over a month. Whatever your m

What is a Double-Blind Study

What is a Double-Blind Study At some point or another in our lives, everyone has needed for a certain medicine. Is it a headache? Here, pop an Aspirin! Do you have bad digestion?An antacid! An antibiotic for your infection, and so on.Hopefully, fewer people had more severe medical issues that required more aggressive treatment immunosuppressants, cancer drugs, chemotherapy, and so many others.But when you just take the medicine that the doctor prescribed, has it ever crossed your mind to wonder how did a pharmaceutical company came to a conclusion that that specific medicine works for that specific ailment?Another thing that comes to mind is: why do doctors say that you should not use medicine X anymore, but that you should start to use medicine Y because it is better i.e. it has fewer side effects, it works quicker, it works better.How do they know?Well, it is obvious that they did not just randomly decide that.Recommendations of the kind are a product of a carefully conducted process that starts with the cre ation of the new medicine that may include biotechnology, testing it in a lab and later on animals, after that comes the time for human testing, and finally, putting it out to be purchased off the counter or prescribed by a doctor.In this text, we will focus on the third part of drug testing and that is human testing.We will answer questions on how the studies/trials are conducted, what the types of studies are, are they ethical and so on.WHAT IS A CLINICAL TRIAL?A clinical trial is conducted when there is a potentially better, new drug or treatment for a specific ailment or disease.It is usually the case with rare or difficult diseases or diseases that still do not have a treatment that works e.g. Alzheimers.The trials also happen for cancer treatments, or any other condition people might develop to be it physical or psychological.Clinical trials may observe the effects of the drug, the side effects, and behavioral changes. They are conducted with the advancement of medicine, and p eoples overall wellbeing in mind.For a clinical trial to be conducted in a way that gives significant and valid results, participants have to be chosen according to particular criteria that relate to the object of the clinical trial.For example, if a new Alzheimers drug is being tested- a participant firstly has to have the disease, then they have to be at a preferred stage of the disease (e.g. starting to show symptoms, but the disease is not too far gone).To determine whether a patient qualifies for the trial there is the participant screening process that is used as the baseline for potential improvement and data collection.The participants, if they qualify, are then informed about the possible benefits, risks, outcomes and so on, and are required to sign an informed consent stating that they have understood all that will be happening during the trial.If a person participating in a study is not able to make their own decisions, their medical proxy signs the informed consent.If yo u have or know somebody who has a condition that might be improved by participating in a clinical trial, you should know that participants are randomly chosen, although the participation has to be voluntary.The doctor may mention that a study is available, and you can choose to participate.Patients choose to participate because they want to potentially be one of the first people to ever receive treatment for a condition.In such a way they are actively contributing to the development of medicine, and without volunteers who are open to such participation, medical advancement would be thwarted.TYPES OF CLINICAL TRIALSThere are various ways in which a clinical trial may be conducted and they are called study designs. In this text, we will focus on randomized trials and their subtypes. Source: anzmtg.org The way in which you can conduct a randomized study is the blind studies.In blind studies either the participants or the medical team along with the participants are not aware of the fact whether they have received the treatment which is being tested or not.i. Single-Blind StudyIn a single-blind study, the medical team knows which group has gotten medication that is being tested, but the participants do not know that.It is used in treatments where patients bias can affect the results of the trials.The issue with a single-blind study is that, since they have all the information, the medical teams bias can harm the research.They can subconsciously pay more attention to the subjects receiving the treatments as opposed to those who are not. This is avoided with a double-blind study.ii. Double-Blind StudyIn a double-blind study, neither the medical team nor the participants are aware of the treatment distribution.It is considered a go-to study design for many reasons th at are mainly ethical and psychological, and it ensures the most valid results at the end of the research because both participants and teams bias is eliminated.A double-blind study is also used in many other types of scientific research besides medical research, such as psychological, behavioral, market research and so on. HOW DOES A DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY WORK?First of all, there has to be a sufficient number of study participants.The double blind study happens in the second and third phase of a clinical trial. In the second phase the required number of participants is from 20 to 80.The participants are usually healthy individuals. The data collected in this stage of the trial are usually related to the side effects that the drug may cause i.e. worsening in the subjects; condition.The third stage of the trial is a second double blind study. The number of participants in this stage is usually at least 100, however more preferable one ranges from 100 to 300 participants. The participant s are then randomly divided into 2 groups:The ones who receive the active treatment, new drug, supplement or anything else that could be tested in a trialThe ones who get a placebo or an already standardized medication depending on the type of study Source: prehospitalresearch.euOptionally, there is the third group of participants a.k.a. the control groups whose members do not get any treatment whatsoever but are just used as a baseline.For example, people with depression will naturally show improvement after some time that cannot be contributed to the effects of the medicine given in a trial which tests the new antidepressant.Let us say here how important it is to understand depression, and to seek help where needed.The difference between the improvements between groups with treatment (both actual medicine and placebo) is compared to the improvements of the control group and they show the actual effects of the new antidepressant.In many cases, the placebo group can be considered the control group.For example, if a new cancer drug is being tested, the control group will get standard treatment, and the other group of participants will get the new drug.This type of a blind-study is called comparative blind study (as opposed to pla cebo-controlled study) as the premise is that you compare the effects and side effects of an old drug that is already in use to the (side) effects of a new one.Having a third group of cancer patients as a control group here would be extremely unethical as they would be deprived of a medicine.On the other hand, if, for example, you are testing a new supplement that is supposed to, say, improve athletic performance, then it will be completely okay to use three groups of participants and observe the effects of both the supplement and the placebo.For the study to be correct, all three groups would have to be on the same workout regime, sleep management, and diet. So the study would look like this:Group one: training + supplementGroup two: training + placeboGroup three: trainingAfter the two blind studies, if the effects of the substance are proven beneficial, the FDA approves its use and allows it to be used.The effects and side effects are still followed, although in a non-controlled e nvironment, on a larger number of people (3000+) and over a longer period of time.EXPERIMENT EFFECTFor any type of blind study to give valid results, participants have to be unaware of whether they have received a placebo or an active substance that is being tested.In a double-blind study the team, as was already mentioned, is also unaware of this.This is important as people are highly susceptible to biases which can affect both the patient and the medical staff.It is long known that a patients psychological state and motivation can highly influence the outcome of treatments or interventions the ones with the will to fight the illness have a better success rate than those who lost their hope and have already given up regardless of the fact that they have received the exact same treatment for the exact same (level of) disease.Keeping the participants blind to the information what they have received eliminates both good and bad effects of motivation, and provides the conditions for o bjective results regarding the effects of the substance on trial.On the other hand, there is something called the experimenter effect, the observer-expectancy effect or the Clever Hans effect.The experimenter effect is characterized by the staff working on the trial subconsciously affecting the study rendering it invalid.People are emotional beings so, if included in a trial as a part of the research team, you want the research to succeed either for the pure altruism- you wish to help people, or just because you want to be connected to a medical breakthrough and have a successful career.If a doctor knows which patient got a placebo and which one got an active agent, they might subconsciously ask questions in a manner that will give out that information to the patient, who, again subconsciously picks up the cues that the doctor emits.This psychological effect has been shown on a number of occasions, and it is very interesting to note that even animals can pick up such cues, so why no t people?A doctor may also tend to pay closer attention to the patients on the drug rather than those on placebo.The people involved in collecting and comparing data might, under such biases, overlook the lack of valid data or the negative data, and read into the preferable data too much.In any case, the results of the study are not valid enough to continue with the research knowing that there are real scientific benefits of the medicine.PlaceboThe definition of the placebo is a pharmacologically inert preparation prescribed for the mental relief of the patient, or used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance .   The origin of the word is Latin for I shall please.The placebo can be a sugar pill of the same shape, taste, and size as the actual pill, a saline solution for intravenous infusions such as chemotherapy, or any other form which corresponds to the active substance.The reason behind it is that a patient should not be able to deduce that they may get a placebo instead of the active medication.In clinical studies, as well as in life in general, a placebo can have really powerful effects on the human psyche and it is called the placebo effect.The placebo effect is based on the premise that the human brain is capable of convincing the body to heal itself (or harm itself as we will see later in the text).It is about getting real results with fake input. It is already well known that this happens but it is still not understood how this happens.Placebos have been proved to alleviate depression, anxiety, pain, insomnia, improve your mood and sharpen thinking. It is based on the belief that you are taking an actual medication.Here is an example of a placebo in a less serious and formal environment. Namely, in the tv series The Big Bang Theory a character named Raj has a disorder that manifests as his inability to speak to women unless he has had some alcohol.In this scene, he drinks a beer and manages to have a conversation with a girl on the train, only to stop when it is pointed out to him that the beer was a non-alcoholic beer (start at 2:20). However, it is more than just positive thinking and auto-suggestion that make you feel better.There have been studies that show that people still show signs of improvement after they have been informed that what they got was, in fact, a placebo.This improvement is said to come as a consequence of the ritualistic behavior of visiting a doctor and the trust we put in them. It has to do with the expectations we expect to feel better after we consult with a doctor.It is pretty much the same thing as when a mother kisses a childs knee after he has fallen and injured himself.The kiss does not really heal the hurt knee, but the very action and attention that the child receives help him feel better.Even adults sometimes use this as a very open placebo. Remember the origin of the word? I shall please.And even this is not all. It is not only our mental perception but also our physiological reaction to that anticipation, which actually activates immune responses that limit the secretion of damaging stress hormones.Studies have linked the placebo effect with the bodys natural production of pain-relieving endorphins.So the expectation of feeling better, in reality, causes the brain to secrete endorphins that naturally make you feel better.NoceboThe power of thought, however, can work against you, too.The nocebo effect is completely the opposite of the placebo effect, and it is characterized by human brain creating negative effects on the body and the psyche.For example, when you are in a fun park and want to go in a haunted house, your belief that something scary awaits is what actually makes you scared, even though there are just dolls, spider webs and surprises inside. Your body expects something negative and reacts accordingly.Another drastic example is of a butcher who accidentally locked himself in a cold room.He started to panic and caused hi mself to freeze although the cold room was out of order at the time, and the temperature inside was as in any other room in the shop.The nocebo effect in the clinical trials is seen in the manifestation of the drugs side effects. Namely, participants who are given the active agent may feel some side effects, although they are more likely to experience them if they were previously informed about what they may be.If the side effects are not communicated to the participants they are less likely to experience them.Proof of this lays in the fact that a certain percentage of participants on placebo experience the same side effects like the ones on the active agent, even though there is absolutely no physical or physiological reason for the side effects to appear.This could be avoided by keeping the side effects from the participants but that action would not be in ethical or legal accordance with the informed consent. The other issue with the nocebo or the lack of placebo is directly rela ted to how the patients are given the medicine in a double-blind study.The doctor essentially says you may be given a real medicine or you may be given a placebo. You dont know, and I dont know.This action may create doubt and thus, the nocebo effect, not just about the side effects of the medicine but its general effectiveness.BALANCED PLACEBO DESIGNA possible solution for the issues that arise in the double-blind study regarding the placebo and nocebo effects can be solved by implementing the balanced placebo design.This design would consist of four groups of participants two placebo groups and two active agent groups.The effects of the medicine, as well as expectancy, would be more realistically measured because, in this design, the groups are differently informed about what has been given to them. For example placebo:Group 1 is given a placebo and is informed that what they have received is placeboGroup 2 is given placebo and is informed but they have received the active agen tGroup 3 is given the active agent but is informed that they have received placeboGroup 4- is given the active agent and is informed that they have received the active agentSo this is a trial that simultaneously tracks the efficacy of the substance, and the psychological effects of the placebo.Although balanced placebo design provides the solution for the statistical issues that arise and the psychological effects on the drugs success, it is arguable how ethical it is to deliberately misinform the participants on what they are actually getting from the trial.FINAL WORDWith the constant advancement of medicine and the appearance of new drugs for diseases and illnesses that have been a serious problem for many people all over the world, the need for double-blinded studies is ever-present.Thanks to them, and their volunteer participants medical breakthroughs are happening more often in this day in age than ever before.Yes, the risks are great, as great as the benefits, but without tho se risks medical and pharmaceutical progress would be stunted, leaving many people without hope of a cure.Considering ethical, legal and medicinal aspects of a double-blind study, we can say that, although not perfect, it is still the best choice for such a type of research.Well, at least until the technology comes up with ways to test new substances without experimenting on animals and people.

Graduation Speech On High School Graduation - 851 Words

There Is No Success Without The Opportunity to Fail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time when they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university they would like to attend, it may be tempting to want to go to a school that is known more for the party scene. However, it is important to keep in mind that to have a bright future, going to a party school may not be what is best for them. When looking into colleges or universities it is imperative to ask oneself three questions, are the students attending the school learning anything; what is the failure rate of the school they are looking into; and what is the schools average cost of tuition. Not only do students want to pick a good school for higher education, they will also want to make sure that they are paying close attention to the instructions of their professors. When students skip class or do not pay attention to the instructions given to them, they run the risk of becoming another statistic for the average failure rate of the university or college they are attending. William Deresiewicz, who wrote â€Å"The Miseducation of America† 4 January 2016, believes that college isShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. 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Unlike many of the early K-8 schools, the population Balfanz et al followed consisted of 64% African American, 19% White, 12% Hispanic,Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. 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The reasonRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School867 Words   |  4 Pages Many people have different high school experiences or stories about when they finally felt like a highschooler or felt like they belonged. Some people might not even have had that experience yet and are still trying to belong at Wahlert Catholic High School. Personally, I have had many experiences when I finally felt like a high schooler. Such as my first year playing on the Wahlert Freshman Baseball team, talking to upperclassmen, my first year playing on the Wahlert Freshman Basketball team, orRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1060 Words   |  5 PagesHigh school is supposed to be the place where you have fun and a time in your life you’re supposed to enjoy. Movies often trick you into believing that high school is an amazing time in your life and there is nothing but parties and fun. In Bring it on, they portrayed the fun and exciting part of high school cheer-leading, however they intentionally leave out the tough times high school students’ face in school and in their practices. In other popular movies, such as High School Musical the studentsRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1041 Words   |  5 Pages Grant High School, set out to improve (Lambertson 42-43). This school quickly went from being in the worst 5% of schools in Michigan to the superior 92% (Lambertson 43-45). This school poured effort into its programs to try to bring up test grades (Lambertson 42-45). Amazingly, Grant High School brought its average ACT score up 2.4 points in around three years (Lambertson 45). However, in the end, was this school successful? Were its students prepared to succeed? A successful high school is a school

The Long Standing Debate On Ethics - 1253 Words

The long-standing debate on ethics is far from being solved; however, two philosophers have formulated their own theories in determining whether an action is good or bad. John Stuart Mill focuses on a utilitarian perspective and utilizes the idea of consequentialism and on the other hand, Immanuel Kant avoids the consequentialist argument and supports a deontological perspective in analyzing morality and ethics. Both arguments, valid as they may be, strongly contradict one another, mostly on the basis that Kant and Mill look at very different parts of the equation. Both thinkers appeal to a sense of rationality in their reasoning to differentiate right from wrong; however while Mill’s consequentialist theories are valid under certain†¦show more content†¦He measures happiness in two ways, quantity and quality. Quantity in which how much pleasure there is and quality as how good the pleasure is. Of course, linking this principle back to morality as utility, when an act ion results in a widespread amount of happiness, this is a desirable end that promotes pleasure with the least amount of pain. Similarly to terms in economics, the Greatest Happiness Principle is essentially a cost-benefit analysis of the greatest benefit at the lowest cost. On the other hand, Kant utilizes a different approach as a base for measuring morality. In Kantian ethics, he believes that the supreme principle of morality is founded on the idea of the categorical imperative. In order to act with a good will, which is the highest good one can achieve, one must act in a way where the good is not a means to an end, but the good is an end in itself. In order for one to test whether or not the action is of good will, the maxim, or the personal rule according to which a person was acting, must be applied. Furthermore, these maxims are then tested by the categorical imperative; if the action can pass this categorical imperative, the rule can be made into universal law. By universal izing the law, Kant believes that this ascertains the rule as applicable to everyone at all times and in turn, is a perfect duty that

Blozis Company Free Essays

string(37) " for the item or items he picked up\." Part 1 – Executive Summary My decision, as the supply manager of the Blozis company, is to implement new processes and procedures in the supply department. One of the changes to be made in the processes and procedures will include having the expediter’s role primarily limited to the expedition of materials. An expediter is the person in charge of scheduling purchases, purchasing and scheduling the delivery of materials and services, as well as checking orders and speeding up the arrival of materials needed to meet production schedules. We will write a custom essay sample on Blozis Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current expediter, besides undertaking these responsibilities, is also taking on a number of other responsibilities that are taking away from his abilities to properly complete his core job responsibilities. In addition, the process for the receiving of products and materials will be improved so that items received into inventory are properly accounted for, as well as properly accounted for once they leave inventory, so that they are charged to the correct departmental budget and are paid for in a timely manner so that early payment discounts are taken advantage of. A current and accurate inventory is necessary in order to properly manage the supply department. In regards to approval of requisitions, despite the fact the president likes to operate â€Å"informally† it is important to ensure that the required signatures are obtained on all requisitions as this helps to hold people accountable for their purchases and to control costs and remain within budget. Even though purchases over $10,000.00 may have technically been approved by the president in the budget, they are not realized purchases and in order to ensure they do fall within budget requirements, the president still should be required to execute these requisitions. As well to ensure managers are informed and can be held accountable to what items are charged to their departments, it is prudent to include on the requisition the signature of the manager of the department for which the purchase is being made. Finally the engineering department should be required to be as detailed and accurate in their descriptions and specifications on all purchase orders. While the current expeditor has some technical background, all purchase orders should be supplied to the supply department with detailed specifications to ensure the correct materials and parts are purchased and supplied. Even though the main responsibility for this should still fall to the engineering department, there is no reason why the continued process of discussing the details of purchase orders with the expeditor could not continue as well, as this will ensure greater accuracy in the specifications detailed on their purchase orders together with greater accuracy in the fulfillment of the purchase orders. Part 2 – Immediate Issue with Impact Analysis Besides expediting parts and materials throughout the company, the expeditor was also writing purchase requisitions and purchase orders. At times the expeditor would just pick up parts and advise suppliers that they would receive â€Å"confirming orders† that never followed. This resulted in the supply department at times receiving invoices for items that could not be matched to a corresponding purchase order. In order to control costs, remain within budget and to ensure accurate inventory and purchases, this process cannot continue. The Blozis Company needs to have their expeditor doing just that, expediting items throughout the company and not writing purchase requisitions and orders. The writing of purchase requisitions and orders should be limited to the engineering and production personnel. The current inventory and purchasing process within the Blozis Company is allowing for inventory to go missing, payments for materials and items received to be missed, as well as the receiving of invoices for payments to suppliers that are not supported by purchase orders. The current processes or lack of processes are not allowing for the proper tracking and accounting of inventory; the control of cost as purchasing discounts are being missed and invoicing is being received and paid for without proper documentation that the items were in fact ordered and received. This lax in documentation and recording of items is also impacting on the ability of each department to remain within budget. The company, as well, can no longer function without proper processes that are diligently followed in regards to signatures on purchase requisitions. Again this allows for greater control over costs, purchasing accountability and adherence to budget restrictions. As a whole the company needs to completely overhaul their current processes and procedures in their supply department in order to address the issues as detailed above. Part 3 – Environmental and Root Cause Analysis Under the current processes in the supply department the expeditor is spending too much time handling technical orders. While his involvement in technical orders to a degree does assist with greater accuracy in the fulfillment of these purchase orders, it is taking away from his time to expedite materials and items throughout the company. This has resulted in corners being cut which have cost the company money. For example, two special micrometers disappeared within the plant after the Blozis Company had waited six months to receive them. The supplier of these micrometers was able to prove that Blozis did receive these items as evidenced by a signed bill of lading, but it appears the expeditor, in an attempt to get these items to the engineers as quickly as possible, may have just picked up the micrometers on the receiving dock and taken them directly to the engineers. The expeditor on the other hand claims to never have seen the micrometers. Since no documentation was in place to evidence what happened, it became a he said she said situation, but in the end the two special micrometers were still gone at a financial loss to the company. In addition, when the expeditor was pressed for time, instead of completing the necessary purchase order, he would just pick up a desired item from a suppler and advise the supplier that they would be receiving a â€Å"confirming order† for the item or items he picked up. You read "Blozis Company" in category "Essay examples" A number of times the expeditor would forget to ask supply for a confirming order and when the invoice arrived from the supplier for payment, the supply department was faced with an invoice for which they had no confirming order documentation to support the payment of. Besides the aforementioned issues relating to the lack of completed receiving reports, there was also the issue of suppliers claiming long overdue payments on materials that have been received by the Blozis Company. The supply department would not pass on a bill for payment until they had received the receiving report, which is a good process as this controlled the possibility of paying for materials that were never received. On the other hand, the lax of completion and/or the timely submission of the receiving reports to the supply department resulted in the delay of bills submitted for payment that included sizable discounts for early payment as well as not meeting the net date on several bills. This lax in the necessity of following process and procedures in order to ensure the correct documentation was in place to record and support purchases, was not only exercised by the supply department. The president of the company liked to operate â€Å"informally† and allowed anyone in the company to initiate requisitions with only the signature of the supply manager for any orders up to a value of $10,000.00. Many managers were complaining they were unaware of what was being charged to their departments until the monthly accounting statement came out. Changes need to be made to include, on each requisition, the signature of the manager of the department to which the requisition is being made. This allows for more managerial accountability in the control of their budgets. Part 4 – Alternatives and/or Options Based on the information that has been provided to the writer, it is their position that the issues are clearly identifiable and that solutions in regards to addressing these issues are contained herein. Despite the fact that specific issues have been identified, as with any process there could be room for more improvement in other areas that are not the subject matter of this report. Bearing this in mind, the supply department may also wish to conduct a process mapping session which will detail the entire process as it exists today and from this be able to indentify other areas of the process that require improvement. I do not believe there are any other viable alternative in regards to the solutions that have been presented herein, but the conducting of a process mapping session will only build upon and possibly lead to the discovery of more issues so that the process can be improved even further. Part 5 – Recommendation and Implementation In regards to the role of the expeditor, it should be mainly limited to the expediting of materials and items throughout the company. His role in the handling of technical orders should be decreased with more responsibility in this regard falling on the engineering department. If purchase requisitions are written with greater specifications without as much reliance on the expeditor to assist in the writing of same, another individual within the supply department could be trained to assist with these technical orders. The implementation of these changes will begin with the manager of the engineering department meeting with his group as well as the manager of the expeditor meeting with him to ascertain what their current involvement is in regard to technical orders. Once this information is obtained, then all managers will meet in order to discuss how these job responsibilities will be allocated between the engineering department and th e expeditor. Once this have been finalized, a further meeting will be held that will include all managers, the engineering department and the expeditor so that everyone can be advised of the changes in their job responsibilities going forward. In regards to inventory control all products received must be documented and signed off on by the receiving clerk and there must be a matching purchase order to go along with the bill of lading and/or packing slip. No items should be received into inventory in the supply department without a corresponding approved purchase order. The supply department at all times is to receive a receiving report so that they can arrange for the timely payment of invoices in order to take advantage of purchasing discounts. The process for this is to be implemented by the supply manager. To provide for further control, no one, including the expediter should be allowed to take a product or item out of inventory without providing a requisition for same. Again the process for this will be implemented by the supply manager. In order to facilitate communication of when products and materials have arrived and are in inventory, the company should purchase inventory software that all interested parties will have access to, so that they can check for themselves when products have arrived. A meeting will be held between all managers of all departments in order to discuss which software will meet their needs and once decided the software will be purchased and put into use. To assist managers being made aware of what materials are being charged to their departments, all purchase requisitions should also require the signature of the manager of the respective department for which the purchase is made in addition to the supply manager’s. The supply manager should never receive and process a purchase requisition unless the signature of the applicable department manager is contained on the requisitions. This process will be implemented by the supply manager. Part 6 – Monitor and Control In regards to monitoring and controlling the success of the changes in the job responsibilities of the expeditor, there will be a follow up meetings between all parties affected, within 2 weeks of the changes taking place just to ensure things are still in place and that no one has slipped back into their old roles. After this for a further 6 month period there will again be mnthly meetings to monitor that everything is still on track in regard to the changes. In regards to the change in the process to bring around greater inventory control, a person outside of the supply department will be assigned various audit responsibilities and will attend in the supply department, initially, on a monthly basis to ensure the controls put in place are being complied with, for example that all necessary documentation has been completed so that all inventory is recorded being received and taken out of inventory. After each audit session the auditor will be required to complete an audit report that will be delivered to the supply manager. The report will detail all areas where they have discovered non-compliance with a time line presented to the area affected to bring the process and department into compliance. It is the expectation of the writer, that if the recommendations as detailed herein are fully and accurately followed, there will be substantial improvement in the operations of the supply department and within Blozis as a whole. How to cite Blozis Company, Essay examples

Evolution Fact Or Fiction Essay Example For Students

Evolution Fact Or Fiction? Essay Evolution-Fact or Fiction?In 1859, Charles Darwin published his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory ofevolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the longdebated dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we createdby a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely bychance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage ofthe term ?evolution? is that living things in our world have come intoexistence through unguided naturalistic processes beginning from aprimeval mass of subatomic particles and radiation, over 20 billion yearsago. The idea of Creation comes from the first two chapters of Genesiswhich states that God created the heavens and the earth and all that isin them in six, twenty-four hour periods of time. Throughout this papersubstantial scientific evidence will be presented to attempt to disprovethe theory of evolution and prove that creation is the only logicalexplan ation for our existence. In order for evolution to have occurred, we would have needed afavorable environment for life to evolve and be sustained. So lets beginwith the atmosphere. Our current atmosphere consists of 21% Oxygen,and 78% Nitrogen. The presence of oxygen in a hypothetical primevalatmosphere presents a problem for self-assembling molecules. If oxygenis present, there would be no amino acids, or sugars because oxygenreacts with these substances to produce carbon dioxide and water. Sobecause it is impossible for life to have evolved with oxygen, evolutionisttheorize an early atmosphere without oxygen. Instead they propose anatmosphere consisting of free hydrogen. The problem with this theoryinvolves the layer of ozone that protects the earth from the suns ultravioletrays. Without this layer any newly developing organic molecules wouldsoon be broken down and eliminated, but if you have oxygen to beginwith this prevents life from even starting. Therefore we have a catch-22situation. Besides, there ar e geological evidences that confirm theexistence of an oxidizing atmosphere as far back as can be determined. Among these are: the oxidation of ferrous iron in early rocks, and theprecipitation of limestone in great quantities.1 Now, lets assume for a minute that the ideal environment forevolution to occur existed. We would then need a means by which thebasic building blocks of life could be constructed. Before you canassemble the large macro-molecules necessary for life you must have aready supply of basic organic molecules. Among these would be tons ofsugars, amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines. Now assuming we had avast primitive ocean full of these molecules there are still obstacles thatwould need to be overcome to have a suitable ocean. The first problemwould be the diluting effect of the vast ocean. There would not beenough quantities of each basic molecule for molecular formationtherefore insufficient quantities would result. The second problem wouldbe that in order for ch emical bonds to form there would need to be anexternal source of energy. Unfortunately the same energy that createsthese bonds is much more likely to destroy them. The last major obstacleto overcome would be the incompatibility of different molecules witheach other. Some molecules, such as sugars and amino acids combineand destroy each other. These such molecules would need to beseparated neatly from one another. In a vast ocean, how is thispossible?3 As with any theory of the origin of life we must also include theformation of complicated macro-molecules such as DNA, and RNA. Inaddition there are other necessary components of life such as lipids,carbohydrates, hormones, enzymes, etc. that must be formed and utilizedto produce life. In order for these macro-molecules to form, and worktogether to produce life there are a number of obstacles to overcome. The first would be the chemical environment. ? Some of the necessarycomponent chemicals react with one another in counter-productive ways. For example, phosphoric acid which would be necessary to formDNA, would form an insoluble salt with calcium, sink to the bottom of theocean, and be unavailable to make DNA.?4 Another big problem ispolymerization. Monomers never become polymers unless energy issupplied, they dont just spontaneously arise. Even in lab experiments,where chemists take very deliberate steps in molecular formation, theyhave not even come close to realistic life macro-molecules. Sequencingis the foremost problem with the origin of life theory. Even if there was aready supply of molecular building blocks, how would you get the specificsequences necessary in proteins and DNA? For a each of thesemacro-molecules to perform a particular function a specific sequence isrequired. The odds of this occurring by accident are estimated to be10e130 to 1.5 We must now go beyond proteins, DNA, and RNA and assemblethem into a working biological system that is capable ofself-maintenance and self-replication. ?One app roach, OparinsCoacervate Theory, is to try and construct coacervates (large blobs ofcolloidal particles) from molecules. Unfortunately this only holds togetherrandom molecules by electrostatic chemical bonds. Another schemeuses microspheres (Foxs Protienoid Microsphere Theory) by thepyrocindensation of amino acids. But these are only random polymers ofamino acids that are inherently unstable. There are no energy-utilizingsystems, no replicating systems, ect.?6 A biological system is more than abunch a molecules thrown together. They must be able to so something. ?They must be able to act a little machines with input and output relatedto some greater purpose in the cell. Finally, all of the molecules and systems must be assembledtogether to form a highly complex living cell. Whether bacteria, animals,plants or people, we all have cells. All cells are tremendously complex. Even the smallest bacteria cell has 100 proteins, DNA, RNA, and containsone-hundred billion atoms. The biggest pr oblem in the development ofcells is either it all works or nothing works. So how do you get everythingto work at once? In order to try and explain the evolution of the cellscientists such as Francis Crick use simpler cells called ?proto-cells?. Aproto-cell is allowed to make mistakes in protein formation in order tocreate new systems. The problem with this theory is that even small errorsare known to cause devastating biological consequences. Now that we have looked at the main problems of the origin of life,we will examine other evidences that discredit the evolutionary theory. First, ?there are no transitional links and intermediate forms in either thefossil record or the modern world. Therefore, there is no actual evidencethat evolution has occurred either in the past or the present.?7 The fossilrecord readily supplies us with representation of almost all species ofanimals and plants but none of the supposed links of plant to animal, fishto amphibian, amphibian to reptile, or rep tile to birds and mammals. Next, ?natural selection is incapable of advancing an organism to ahigher arder.?8 Natural selection is said to have caused organisms toevolve from one basic kind into another basic kind. Because all of theinformation for the development of an organism has already beenencoded into the DNA of its parent this would be prohibited genetically. An organism can vary within its kind, but it cannot become anythingmore than what it is. Third, ?the supposed hominids bone and skullrecords used by evolutionist often consists of finds which are thoroughlyunrevealing and inconsistent. They are neither clear nor conclusive eventhough evolutionists present them as if they were.?9 Many discoveries ofsupposed hominids consist of only a mouth fragment, a leg bone, a hipbone, or a knee joint. Evolutionist reconstruct what the ?supposed?hominid looked like, name it, and present it to the public as fact. Some ofthese finds have turned out to be the result of a pig, donkey, or e ven ahoax. While still other finds consist of assorted fragments found milesapart, and yet are made to look as they came from the same individual. Finally, ?the rock strata finds (layers of buried fossils) are better explainedby a universal flood than by gradual normal death of organisms overmillions of years recorded in the rock as evolutionists assert.?10 In order forthe formation of fossils to occur a large flood is necessary. Fossils needquick and tremendous pressure to form. Without this, a carcass could notform a fossil over time. It would be eaten by scavengers and decayed bybacteria. The circulating water of the flood along with gravity wouldcause the smaller organisms as well as fish to be buried lower within thestrata, while larger more mobile organisms would be buried higher in therock strata. A universal flood has been well documented as havingoccurred. And although evolutionist have used fossils to ?prove? thatsmaller organisms evolved first millions of years ago becaus e they arelower in the rock strata, and larger organisms evolved later because theyare higher in the rock strata, they ignore the rock strata were objectssuch as large trees are seen protruding through several layers whichsupposedly formed over millions of years. .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 , .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .postImageUrl , .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 , .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:hover , .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:visited , .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:active { border:0!important; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:active , .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1 .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucabfc771a2ba32fd0d37a4a91ca515d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Motivation Essay ThesisThe goal of this paper was to present the major weaknesses of theevolutionary theory. So far there are only to theories for how we got here,evolution and creation. If evolution has so many flaws and missing linksthen that leaves one option, creation. In my opinion it takes more faith tobelieve that we evolved from nothing than to believe that God createdus, and everything around us. When you step back and take a look atthe complexity of the whole universe, not to mention we as humans, aSupreme Creator is the only logical explanation. C.S. Lewis once stated ?You have to go outside the sequence of engines, into the would of men,to find the real origina tor of the Rocket. Is it not equally reasonable tolook outside Nature for the real originator of natural order11Sociology

A Challenge to a Lover Who Has Offended Her free essay sample

A Challenge to a Lover Who Has Offended Her† Even though a man can do much harm to a woman’s ego, mind, and body, there is always something about the man that can lead her back into his arms. The poem â€Å"A Challenge to a Lover Who Has Offended Her† by Veronica Franco demonstrates just that. Franco goes on to describe how she has been lied to and cheated on by the love of her life. Yet, towards the end of the poem, instead of describing how she wants to tear him limb for limb, she would rather challenge him to a love match in bed, if that would better suit him as well. At the beginning of the poem, Franco talks about letting the attendant (the man is never named in the poem) choose the place, weapons, and seconds for the â€Å"duel†. As soon as he sees that she is serious, hopefully he will understand how â€Å"ungrateful and faithless† (14) he has been towards her. We will write a custom essay sample on A Challenge to a Lover Who Has Offended Her or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In lines 16 through 20, Franco rests assured that she is not going to go back on her word of â€Å"tearing [his] living heart from [his] very breast† (18), but there is always that chance in the back of her mind that she will. Franco, like many other women in todays age, has a very hateful tongue when talking about the man that deceived her. While elaborating on how she is going to make her man suffer, one could easily tell that she has regret in her heart. â€Å"Although I hope, SMITH 2 ithout any doubt, to spill/ a a river of your blood-indeed, I am certain/ I can, without shedding a drop of my own-/ what if you were to offer me peace,† (67-70). Next in the poem, Franco leaves it up to the man to decide if he wants a bloodshed fight, or a love match in her bed. Even after he has deceived her, she is still willing to make love to him in her bed. â€Å" I’d not, perhaps, depart/ from what is decent and proper to do,† (77-78). Here, Franco is saying that ev en though her getting revenge on him would be the right thing to do, she would make the choice of â€Å"love over war† and â€Å"follow him to bed†. A historical context is used when Franco is describing what noble knights used to do to clear their name. â€Å" either they reach an agreement on their own,/ or, if they can find no road to peace,/ they may sate their thirst for each other’s blood,† (61-63). The diction used in the poem changes from beginning to end. At the beginning, Franco uses most of her words harshly and derogatory towards her man, â€Å"The deceiving tongue that lies to do me harm/ I will tear out by it’s root, after it’s been bitten/ against the palate with repentant teeth;† (19-21). But, by the end of the poem, Franco writes, â€Å"I’d fall upon you, and in daring combat,/ as you too caught fire defending yourself,/ I would die with you, felled by the same blow,† (83-85). Here, she is using less harsh language to describe them having an intimate relationship and climaxing together, but all still while taking revenge on him. Franco’s tone, again, changes from beginning to end; Almost forgiving at the end, but still wanting to seek revenge. At the beginning of the text, she is very disparaging and set on her will to make him pay for what he has done to her. Franco goes from SMITH 3 wanting to rip his heart out, â€Å" I will, in all boldness,/ tear your living heart from your very breast,† (17-18), to wanting to end her own life to end the sadness, â€Å"But hold firm, my strong, undaunted heart,/ and with that felon’s final destruction,/ avenge your thousand deaths with this one. / Then end your agony with the same blade,† (88-92). Towards the middle of the poem, Franco starts to reminisce on the times she shared with her man. She reflects on how they used to be so close together in her bed, â€Å"Here before me now stands the bed/ where I took you in my arms, and which still/ preserves the imprint of our bodies, breast to breast,† (34-36). This would be the turning point of the poem, where she’s not so much angry anymore, rather she’s willing to work things out if he’s willing to also, hence giving him the option to make love to her in her bed. Many women also face this dilemma of giving the man the option when, either trying to move on, or trying to make their partner understand how bad they are hurting. Franco seems to be very complex when trying to describe her situation. She uses very elaborate terms when illustrating what she wants to do to him. Her imagery is fantastic as she tells how she is going to make him pay for deceiving her. â€Å" I will rejoice/ at having turned to bloodshed for my revenge,† (23-24). Here, Franco is very adamant that she would like to do everything in her power to hurt him. Hurting him physically would be just equally as painful as what he put her through mentally. As seen in the poem â€Å"A Challenge to a Lover Who Has Offended Her† by Veronica Franco, it’s not had for a man to get a woman to forgive him after he has betrayed her. Even though Franco writes about how bad of a man he was to her, how he lied, cheated, and deceived her, she still finds it somewhere in her heart to make SMITH 4 peace with him. As cruel as Franco may seem at the beginning of the poem, she is only using harsh words out of anger and spite. In all reality, she does not mean everything she is saying, because she regrets them later on in the poem.

A Brief Explanation of Evolution

A Brief Explanation of Evolution The theory of evolution is a scientific theory that essentially states that species change over time. There are many different ways species change, but most of them can be described by the idea of natural selection. The theory of evolution through natural selection was the first scientific theory that put together evidence of change through time as well as a mechanism for how it happens. History of the Theory of Evolution The idea that traits are passed down from parents to offspring has been around since the ancient Greek philosophers time. In the middle 1700s, Carolus Linnaeus came up with his taxonomic naming system, which grouped like species together and implied there was an evolutionary connection between species within the same group. The late 1700s saw the first theories that species changed over time. Scientists like the Comte de Buffon and Charles Darwins grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, both proposed that species changed over time, but neither man could explain how or why they changed. They also kept their ideas under wraps due to how controversial the thoughts were compared to accepted religious views at the time. John Baptiste Lamarck, a student of the Comte de Buffon, was the first to publicly state species changed over time. However, part of his theory was incorrect. Lamarck proposed that acquired traits were passed down to offspring. Georges Cuvier was able to prove that part of the theory incorrect, but he also had evidence that there were once living species that had evolved and gone extinct. Cuvier believed in catastrophism, meaning these changes and extinctions in nature happened suddenly and violently. James Hutton and Charles Lyell countered Cuviers argument with the idea of uniformitarianism. This theory said changes happen slowly and accumulate over time. Darwin and Natural Selection Sometimes called survival of the fittest, natural selection was most famously explained by Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species. In the book, Darwin proposed that individuals with traits most suitable to their environments lived long enough to reproduce and passed down those desirable traits to their offspring. If an individual had less than favorable traits, they would die and not pass on those traits. Over time, only the fittest traits of the species survived. Eventually, after enough time passed, these small adaptations would add up to create new species. These changes are precisely what makes us human.   Darwin was not the only person to come up with this idea at that time. Alfred Russel Wallace also had evidence and came to the same conclusions as Darwin around the same time. They collaborated for a short time and jointly presented their findings. Armed with evidence from all over the world due to their various travels, Darwin and Wallace received favorable responses in the scientific community about their ideas. The partnership ended when Darwin published his book. One very important part of the theory of evolution through natural selection is the understanding that individuals cannot evolve; they can only adapt to their environments. Those adaptations add up over time and, eventually, the entire species has evolved from what it was like earlier. This can lead to new species forming and sometimes extinction of older species. Evidence for Evolution There are many pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution. Darwin relied on the similar anatomies of species to link them. He also had some fossil evidence that showed slight changes in the body structure of the species over time, often leading to vestigial structures. Of course, the fossil record is incomplete and has missing links. With todays technology, there are many other types of evidence for evolution. This includes similarities in the embryos of different species, the same DNA sequences found across all species, and an understanding of how DNA mutations  work in microevolution. More fossil evidence has also been found since Darwins time, although there are still many gaps in the fossil record. The Theory of Evolution Controversy Today, the theory of evolution is often portrayed in the media as a controversial subject. Primate evolution and the idea that humans evolved from monkeys has been a major point of friction between scientific and religious communities. Politicians and court decisions have debated whether or not schools should teach evolution or if they should also teach alternate points of view like intelligent design or creationism. The State of Tennessee v. Scopes, or the Scopes Monkey Trial, was a famous court battle over teaching evolution in the classroom. In 1925, a substitute teacher named John Scopes was arrested for illegally teaching evolution in a Tennessee science class. This was the first major court battle over evolution, and it brought attention to a formerly taboo subject. The Theory of Evolution in Biology The theory of evolution is often seen as the main overarching theme that ties all topics of biology together. It includes genetics, population biology, anatomy and physiology, and embryology, among others. While the theory has itself evolved and expanded over time, the principles laid out by Darwin in the 1800s still hold true today.

Recommendation to an ivoirian scholar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recommendation to an ivoirian scholar - Essay Example In addition, in America, it is not common for people to just show up at another person’s home unless the latter person has invited them. It is instead customary for them to call beforehand and ask whether the person they intend to visit is either free or not. In addition, it is often necessary for the person visiting the United States to be aware that the family relationships in this country are not often the same as in other parts of the world. This is because while in other countries, it is normal for a family to have a mother, a father, and numerous children; this is often not the case in the United States. It is not uncommon to find single-parent families or individuals who have been married and divorced several times (Goransson 903). However, the American way of life is extremely liberal and this will likely ensure that one has a most pleasant visit. Among the most prevalent obstacles to research in the United States is the fact that there tends to be a lack of adequate f unding for the researcher. This is because for a researcher from outside the country, it is not easy to acquire the funding that one needs unless the said researcher has his or her own funding (Brew 423). It is also a time consuming process for the researcher to obtain permission from the authorities to conduct their research, and even if the researcher does get permission, it is often difficult for him to conduct their research in a manner which is familiar to them. One of the biggest obstacles in conducting research in the United States is the fact that the researcher might not have enough knowledge about scientific methods of research which might end up compromising the research that he intends to conducts (Thompson, Ritenbaugh, and Nichter 112). When conducting research in the United States, the researcher should ensure that all their personal issues that might end up compromising their research are dealt with before the beginning of the research process and this will help the r esearcher to give their full attention to the work at hand hence lending legitimacy and credibility to their research work.2 The official language of the United States is English and being aware that this language might not be the first language of the researcher, it would be best if he was made aware of it so that he can start acquainting himself with it (Collins 146). It may be extremely difficult for an anthropological researcher to conduct his research in country whose official language is unknown to them. It is a fact that the language barrier tends to make a lot of the researchers uncomfortable in their new environment and this would be a great hindrance for them in their research because they do not have the capacity to understand the meanings behind the actions of their research subjects.3 In fact, the language barrier may make the anthropological researcher feel isolated, especially in cases where there are no others from their home countries nearby with whom they can assoc iate. The researcher might end up taking a lot of time and hard work to get to be familiar with the local language so that they might get to conduct their research efficiently. Most researchers who tend to go to other countries tend to forget that

Oceans and Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oceans and Climate Change - Essay Example With a combined flow measuring 30 Svedrup or 30 million cubic meters per second which may even increase up to 150 Svedrup, the Gulf Stream increases in speed as it gathers more warm water along the way. From the North Atlantic it heads to Europe then to the west coast of Africa (â€Å"Ocean Currents,† 2008). The Gulf Stream affects the climate of the coastal areas by making America and Europe warm through the constantly evaporating warm water. This particular ocean current is worth mentioning because in case it ceases to flow, the whole of America and Europe will freeze (Gagosian, 2007). Another major ocean current is the Labrador Current, which is a cold water current that keeps the east coast of Canada cold. It passes through Labrador and Newfoundland, and meets the Gulf Stream at the Grand Banks. The meeting of the cold Labrador current and the warm Gulf Stream at this point marks the spot for very rich fishing grounds for commercial fish that include swordfish and halibut (â€Å"Ocean Currents,† 2008). The equatorial currents – the North Equatorial Current and the South Equatorial Current – are ocean currents that cross the equator. The North Equatorial Current is a westward flowing current in the North Atlantic and is mainly caused by the Atlantic trade wind belt. It originates from the northwestern coast of Africa and goes to the South Atlantic and finally to the North Atlantic. This particular current is made up of cool waters (Bischof et al., 2004). On the other hand, the South Equatorial current, which also flows westward, crosses the equator from the Atlantic to the Pacific but only to a lesser extent. Unlike the North Equatorial current, it is a warm current that embraces South America and meets up with the Brazil current going northwest to the Caribbean Sea, while a part of it goes to the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Gore, 2012). While the North Equatorial Current provides coolness to the climate of the North Atlantic, the South Equatorial Current provides heat to the South Atlantic and the Pacific area. The explanation behind the fact that ocean currents cause significant changes in the climates of the coastal areas is that 71% of the earth is water located mainly in the oceans and this huge reservoir of water absorbs â€Å"twice as much of the sun’s radiation† compared to how much the lithosphere or atmosphere can absorb (Rahmstorf, 1997). The mere fact that radiation and heat is absorbed by the ocean waters certainly translates to their significant role in affecting climates of the coastal areas. The continuous flow of the ocean currents is known as the Ocean Conveyor Belt. The Ocean Conveyor Belt is similar to a conveyor in a factory as it connects all the other ocean currents in order to facilitate the transfer of warm water from the Pacific to the Atlantic Oceans. It also returns cold water from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The Ocean Conveyor Belt plays a â€Å"crucial† role in shaping the climate of the earth. The Ocean Conveyor Belt works through the combined action of the winds, the waves, the currents, and the tides caused by the pull of gravity resulting in a motion known as the â€Å"thermohaline circulation† (â€Å"The Great Ocean,† 2008). This is also called the Meridional Overturning Circulation, or MOC (Masters, 2012). Since the Ocean Conveyor Belt makes up the largest group of interlinked ocean currents around the world and since these currents affect the climates of t

Impact of Change Management on British Airways (BA)

Impact of Change Management on British Airways (BA) Executive Summary This report identifies the Leadership Theory and The Change Management with its impact on British Airways. It clearly outlines the external and internal factors which the new Chief Executive, Willie Walsh, has to consider in order to successfully drive the company forward. In this report different change models are explained as well as the reasons for the change. Leadership Theory: Leadership is actually a process of social influence for the accomplishment of a common task in which one person enlist the aid and support of others. Alan Keith of Genentech states that, Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen. According to Ken SKC Ogbonnia, effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals. All above leadership definition and scholars views about leadership interpret that leadership is a unique quality which works in uniting different people on the same point and plate form to win the certain goals and objects. Different theories including power, vision and values, behaviour traits, charisma and situational interaction, intelligence were evolved by the students of leadership. For centuries the search for the characteristics of leaders has been in progress. The early detection of significance of the leadership was the basis of this search and the theory that leadership is embedded in the characteristics that few individual seize. This thought that leadership is based on individual characteristics is called Trait Theory of Leadership This view subjugated experimental and theoretical work in leadership for centuries. Between 1940-1950 reviews of these studies provoked researchers to consider different view for the definition of leadership. There are various models for the theories of leadership. MODEL 1: This model comprises of three effective styles of leadership: Authoritarian leadership style: This style gives the criteria of leadership style in which the working environment is managed by the leader using the strong directives, instructions and controlling actions by enforcing the rules. Democratic leadership style: It is very important style through which leaders take such actions which are collective, interactive and responsive. Laissez-faire leadership style: Let the things and tasks be done by the followers as they want is the essence of this style. The leaders give liberties but no guidance and framework to the followers to perform actions and accomplish the task themselves. MODEL 2: This model bears the great characteristics, the task versus interpersonal. INTEPERSONAL -ORIENTED STYLE OF LEADERSHIP: According to Clark, Donald, 2005, there are certain characteristics of this style of leadership. It offers the style of leadership that gives the opportunity to the leaders to ask the followers for opinions and suggestions and motivate the followers. The leaders give much priority to the thoughts, ideas, and the feelings of the followers. In this style the leaders give liberties of free communications. They have good listening skills and not much oral communication TASK- ORIENTED STYLE OF LEADERSHIP: According to YUKL.G, 2002, the task oriented style of leadership has certain characteristics: In this style, the leaders distribute information. The leaders do not pay attention to the ideas, thoughts and the feelings of others. The rigid sort of communication is exercised. Related to performance, the demands are made by the leaders. In this style written communication works. Model 3: There are four important theories of leadership in this model that are acted upon by any organization to update the business and for extensive management decisions. Michigan leadership studies. Ohio state leadership. McGregors theory X Y Blake and Macaneses leadership study. Importance of leadership skills in 21st Century The leaders of the 21st century are finding it hard to manage the progressively more multi faceted and constantly fast paced nature of the businesses. Engrossed in the unpredictable markets, leadership failures continue to rise even among highly eminent CEOs. Leaders have always developed their skills through, training courses, seminars and coaching-and attaining 21st century leadership skills are no different. In business management, leadership plays a successful role in identifying strengths and weaknesses of an organization and utilize them efficiently to accomplish the goals and objectives set by the organization. Other than decision making, leader has to encourage and lead his team on the road to success. 21st century leaders have many roles to perform due to changing trends in markets, cajole organizations, numerous stakeholders and splited job where they persistently face tradeoffs in focus, energy and time. With a new set of leadership qualities a blended 21st century leadership style is rising: Their leadership style matching to a complex, fast-moving technology based business Skilled in oral communication is a key element of good customer service Articulating a convincing future vision Guiding different groups of people to deliver business goals Cutting unnecessary overheads today while building for tomorrow. Bringing new perspectives and confronts threats without being overloaded Searching for new solutions outside conventional areas Open-minded and inquisitive about their environment To take advantage of new market opportunities organizes the company Works across boundaries and view business as a networks for communities To maximise sustainable growth uses partnerships and collaboration Have the ability to identify and define problems, invent and implement solutions, and trail and assess results. Another key to success is good personal management, self motivation, and career development skills are critical. Irrespective of whether a company is running with ten people or with ten departments the importance of leadership is obligatory. These leadership skills play a vital role in increasing the competence of the available resources and achieving the set goals of an organization. Organizational Change Management: Change management is defined as, to prepare, commence, recognize, organize, and stabilize change processes on both, corporate and personal level There are two types of changes: 1. Organizational Change: It is more steady and evolutionary approach and is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to ally company objectives with the individual employees objectives. This is rarely possible in actual practice 2. Reengineering Change: Known as business transformation or corporate transformation. It is the more fundamental form of change management, since it challenges all elements of processes or structures that have evolved over time. CHANGE MODEL: Bechard and Lewin introduced the most famous and important change model in 1951 and 1969. In 1980 Quinn and Lewian further explained this task. LEWIN: According to Lewin 1951, the introductory methods to manage the change are as follows: Unfreezing, existing attitudes are supported by the change in the present equilibrium. New responses can be developed according to new information. Refreezing, by introducing new responses in the personality concerns, can stabilize the change. THE FIELD FORCE ANALYSIS is the only methodology observes change suggested by Lewin that involves: The transition to the future state is affected analysing the driving forces. The differentiation between driving and restraining forces is necessary. Measures should be taken to give rise to critical driving forces and diminish critical restraining force (Martin, 2006). In order to conclude the need and capability of Organizational change management should begin with the identification of the current circumstances, deep understanding about leadership skills, group dynamics, and creative marketing. RESISTANCE TO CHANGE: May be external or internal. EXTERNEL: External resistance defiantly affects the process of change. The cultural, social and political environment all resist to change. Effective Communications with various stakeholders explaining them the reasons for the change (why?), the benefits of successful implementation (what is in it for us, and you) as well as the details of the change (when? where? who is involved? how much will it cost? etc). INTERNEL: At the time of implementation of change, organization can face some resistances to change internally from the workers like: Lack of knowledge Deficiencies in training Fears to lose something. Absence of trust. Communication problems. Normally, people perceive change processes in seven typical stages. Introduction: This report reviews the understanding of the concept of Organizational Change and its long term effect on the organization with regard to changes brought in British Airways British Airways is the fourth largest and one of the fastest growing airlines in the world. Leadership qualities and its unique culture helped in the growth of the company. Chief executive Bob Ayling, brought changes in the company without its employees support. At the time when BA was making record profit he thought change was necessary as some long term decision were to be made. He brought the change by outsourcing departments like engineering, information technology and maintenance to developing countries and by raising the morale of the staff by introducing training programmes and establishing hotel for the staff at Heathrow airport. Our aim is to be benefiting the customers, employees and shareholders, and to fulfil our commitments to the society. (http://www.guardian.co.uk). Background of British Airways British Airways aims in bringing people together by taking them wherever they want to go. This apply not only to the 36 million passengers that travel with them but also to their employees.Inspite of having challenges over the past few years the company is very competitive travel industry. They believe that they have firm strategy which keeps them moving forward. Based in London at Heathrow Airport British Airways PLC is the leading intercontinental airline in the world. Being UKs sole network carrier globally it serves 95 million people a year approximately to 550 destinations in 97 countries using about 1000 planes and 441 airports. British Airways feels proud in providing full range of services to their customers whether they are in air or on ground. British Airways A Snap shot 1916: Establishment of Predecessor Aircraft Transport Travel Ltd. 1919:Worlds first scheduled international air service was inaugurated 1933: Establishment of service to India and Singapore. 1935: The merger of three smaller airline companies forms the basis of British Airways. 1939: British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) was formed by the union of British Airways and Imperial Airways and also nationalized. 1949: BOAC imbibe British South American Airways (BSAA) 1958: Successful completion of first jet trans-Atlantic service. 1962: Supersonic transport (SST) is build by BOAC and Air France agreement to commit funds. 1967: Second around-the-world route is established by BOAC. 1974:Company is restructured under the British Airways name 1976: The first SST Concordes service was inaugurated simultaneously by British Airways and Air France. 1987: Privatization of British Airways. 1987: British Airways buys British Caledonian (BCal). 1988: Marketing alliance of British Airways with United Airlines that two years later collapses. 1992:44 % of USAir Inc is purchases by British Airways. 1998: Between British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Canadian Airlines, Qantas and American Airlines One world global alliance is launched -a group that grows to eight members. 2000: Opening of British Airways London Eye observation wheel; in its first year of operation 3 million people ride the wheel. 2006 and 2007 award of the year for SKYTRAX and OAG airline. 2007 award of best airline based in Western Europe. 2007 best trans-Atlantic airline award. 14-03-2008 at a cost of 403 billion pound Heathrow terminal 5 was opened to be used exclusively by BA. Additional Details Public Company Frequent Flyer Programme :Executive Club Premier (Invitation) Key People :Willie Walsh (CEO) Tense Relationships :Virgin Atlantic, Formed 1984 Employees: 65,157 Sales: Â £9.278 billion (US $13.151 billion) (2001) Stock Exchanges: London New York Frankfurt Munich Ticker Symbol: BAY (London); BAB (New York) NAIC: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; 56152 Tour Operators Changes in British Airways: To improve the future of the organization and reputation against the competitors British Airways chairman and board of directors decided to downsize the organization. The changes were totally revolutionary and dominantly strategic. Vast resistance was faced by British airways from department of labour and development, local and environmental NGO and unions both internally and externally against these changes. As BA marketing value changed at 15% due to fierce competition with other international airlines they had huge pressure to bring this change. The change started in 2005 by changing its top management and appointing Willie Wash as CEO. The main focus to change is followed: Reduction in cabin crew Internal and external change. Financial losses. Drop in profit. Increased Competition. Loss of Market Share. Technological Development. Cultural change. Vision of change The vision of British Airways is One Destination seeks to ensure our customers fly confident that, together, we are acting responsibly to take care of the world we live in. Mission to change In its words: British Airways is aiming to set new industry standards in customer service and innovation, deliver the best financial performance and evolve from being an airline to a world travel business with the flexibility to stretch its brand in new business areas. (http://www.britishairways.com) Objectives of change To face the global economic and market environment give new ideas and innovation to the individuals so that they are competitive. Changing internal and external culture of the organization Offer good services to the passengers Introduction of the continental food. According to market conditions introduction of new technology and packaging. To have profound effect on the character and personality of the BA individuals give them comprehensive knowledge of managerial and technological skills. To increase the productivity of the units fabricate leadership qualities in individuals. Creating a positive and dynamic learning environment to bring a paradigm shift. The hub for the introduction of MBA programme by BA was that the knowledge and training should be thoroughly applied within the organization and future growth and development of the employees should be related to this training. Strengthens of Change in British Airways: Before change a clear and set objectives are there. Specific issues and problems were focused in planning and involvement. Before introduction of new technology collection of data and marketing survey was done. Every employee got incentive in the shape of Golden handshake and transfer in other units by downsizing strategy. According to market demand introduction of new technology. Weaknesses of Change in British Airways Identification of the problems that were surfacing in the organization. In some areas lack of policy direction. Need of cross functional communication Long distance between communication chain like the decision-making unit and the primary sources of information. Senior executives were over worked Power structure was weak. Top management was difficult to reach. Decentralized structure Lack of sufficient training. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: Well-established brand name British Airways gained loyalty and trust from the customers. With strong international alliances BA has a global geographic exposure with excellent communication. BA took full advantage of technological development through innovative culture e.g. online sales, drive thru check in. Purchase of the new fleet and the appropriate aircrafts to make travelling comfortable for the passengers gave BA advantage over their competitors. Weaknesses Soaring debts are still BA main concern. Events like 2001 Iraq war and 2005 terrorist attacks had negative effect on BA due to its reliance on the international air travel and this threat still persists. Job cuts may have negative effect on the BA as previous experience with the cost -cutting exercise resulted in understaffing and 2004-2005 industrial actions. Exposure of the rule that adult male passenger cannot sit next to the child led to sex discrimination allegation against BA. Unions threatening to go on strike against downsizing. BA was declared by AEA as the worst airline for lost and delayed baggage due to clogging of belt carrying bags and malfunction of baggage handling system. Worst airline for the arrival and departures of the short and medium haul flights. In 2007 Heathrow as voted worlds least favourable airport as it being overcrowded and subject to delay. Shortage of the staff car park space due to non availability of space Delays in getting to work due to long queues for security check up. Opportunities BAs online customer base expanded further by the growth of internet worldwide. As customers expectations are raising value added and innovative flight services will attract more customers. Opening in 2020 of a third short runway and sixth terminal will benefit BA and make Heathrow a global gateway. Threats BA market share is under threat from the low cost airlines which continuously enjoy strong growth and power in the market. Fluctuations and continuing growth of the fuel prices pose another threat to BA. Customers are still vigilant of the threat of repeated terrorist attacks. More companies are focusing on high quality in their strategy plan which increases competition in low cost airline market. Conclusion: Organizations decision making both informing and enabling strategic direction should be fully incorporated in the Change management approach. Organizations history, readiness, and capacity to change forms the realistic review for the management change. British Airways is one of the leading international airlines in the world. The organizational Change brought by the British Airways were effective not only in introducing modern technology but also improved the performance of the airline. To defeat the competitors BA introduced different options for its customers and tried to stabilize its position in the airline market. By encouraging its employees through different incentives tried to improve their skills and knowledge which is beneficial not only for them but also for the organization.